My colleague Brian Taylor sent me an interesting academic article about the use of "none of the above" (NOTA) in post-Soviet Russia, published in 2008 and titled "Voting 'Against All' in Postcommunist Russia," by Ian McAllister and Stephen White. (See my earlier post, "Still Not the One.")
From 1993 to 2006, Russian voters had the option of voting "against all" in elections to the lower house (Duma) of their Federal Assembly, and in their presidential elections. NOTA was started in order to boost participation in a society with little faith in competitive elections. The option grew in popularity after its inception, and in 2003, almost 13 percent of Duma voters chose NOTA, making it the second most popular choice in terms of party affiliation. For at least part of its existence, the NOTA provision had real bite, in that election results would be invalidated if NOTA were to finish first.
The measure became increasingly controversial among academics and reformers, and was dealt perhaps a fatal blow when the Constitutional Court ruled that private funds could be used in campaigning for NOTA in a way that, according to the article, "appeared impossible to regulate." One powerful argument against it was to point out that NOTA was extremely rare in Western democracies. Furthermore, a change in election law eliminated the single-member district, where NOTA had been most popular and where, theoretically, it made the most sense (and indeed, that is the context in which I have advocated for it). The authors draw on post-election surveys to show that NOTA voters "do no reject liberal democracy, but are critical of the contemporary practice of Russian politics and find no parties that reflect their views." Demographically, they are "younger than other voters, more urban and more highly educated." The authors predicted in 2008 that its elimination would lead to lower turnout.
Note: This blog draws in part on my experiences and observations interviewing political figures, writers, and analysts for "The Campbell Conversations" on WRVO. To hear past interviews I refer to in these posts, please go to the show's website. The views expressed here are solely my own, and do not represent Syracuse University, the Campbell Institute, or the WRVO Stations.
In addition to comments, I'd love to have guest posts. Please send ideas or full-blown posts to me at gdreeher@maxwell.syr.edu.
7 comments:
obat penyakit kencing nanah obat kencing nanah di apotik obat penyakit sipilis obat penyakit wasir di apotik
obat penyakit kencing nanah obat kencing nanah di apotik obat penyakit sipilis obat penyakit wasir di apotik
Informasi kesehatan dari kemaluan keluar nanah obat kemaluan keluar nanah kemaluan keluar nanah Informasi obat herbal obat penyakit sifilis obat penyakit sifilis penyakit sifilis raja singa penyakit sifilis raja singa
Informasi kesehatan dari kemaluan keluar nanah jual Obat sipilis kemaluan keluar nanah Informasi obat herbal obat kutil kelamin obat kutil kelamin cara mengobati kutil kelamin cara mengobati kutil kelamin
Obat kencing Nanah De Nature Obat Herbal obat Kutil KelaminInformasi kesehatan dari kemaluan keluar nanah obat kemaluan keluar nanah kemaluan keluar nanah Informasi obat herbal obat penyakit sifilis obat penyakit sifilis penyakit sifilis raja singa penyakit sifilis raja singa
obat gonore atau kemaluan keluar cairan nanah obat cairan nanah keluar dari alat kelamin obat alat kelamin keluar nanah obat kemaluan keluar nanah obat wasir herbal obat kutil kelamin ampuh cara mengobati sipilis penyakit kencing nanah cara mengobati ujung kemaluan keluar nanah cara mengobati ujung kemaluan keluar nanah cara mengobati ujung kemaluan keluar nanah cara mengobati ujung kemaluan keluar nanah kemaluan yang keluar nanah kemaluan keluar nanah tapi tidak sakit obat wasir luar stadium obat herbal wasir stadium kenapa kemaluan lelaki keluar nanah obat ambeien tradisional paling ampuh obat ambeien tanpa operasi obat wasir ampuh di apotik obat wasir ibu hamil obat ampuh wasir berdarah obat untuk kemaluan lelaki yang keluar nanah obat penyakit gonore atau kemaluan keluar nanah
cara mengobati kemaluan keluar nanah obat kemaluan keluar nanah ujung kemaluan keluar nanah obat penis keluar nanah kelamin pria keluar nanah obat kelamin pria keluar nanah obat kelamin pria keluar nanah mengapa alat kelamin keluar nanah kemaluan laki laki keluar nanah kemaluan keluar nanah kemaluan keluar cairan nanah mengapa kemaluan keluar nanah cairan nanah keluar dari kemaluan kencing perih dan keluar cairan nanah cairan nanah keluar dari kemaluan pria mengapa cairan nanah keluar dari kemaluan kemaluan pria keluar nanah penyebab kemaluan keluar cairan nanah cara mengobati kemaluan keluar nanah kemaluan keluar nanah di sertai perih saat kencing mengobati kemaluan keluar nanah pada pria mengobati kemaluan keluar cairan nanah pada pria mengobati kelamin keluar nanah mengobati kemaluan pria yang keluar nanah
Post a Comment